Nutritional management of hyperlipaemia

Hyperlipaemia is a disease resulting from excessive mobilisation of triglyceride stores such that plasma clearance processes become overwhelmed. Consequently increased plasma triglyceride concentrations (>5.6 mmol/l), visibly cloudy plasma and a sick, anorexic or hypophagic subject follow. Epidemiological studies have identified many predisposing and triggering factors and the attentive carer or veterinary surgeon should be alert to such risk factors so that the disease can be prevented, or at least identified and treated at an early stage. Hyperlipaemic subjects are invariably in a negative energy balance, and nutritional management therefore plays a central role in both the prevention and resolution of the disease.     

秦巴山区农村居民点空间分布及其影响因素分析——以陕西省宁强县为例

探讨不同地域农村居民点的空间分布规律,是整合优化农村居民点布局、促进土地集约化利用的重要依据。基于宁强县第二次土地调查数据和SRTM-DEM,采用平均最邻近指数、核密度估计、探索性数据分析和空间“热点”探测方法,研究农村居民点空间分布特征,并从自然环境和社会经济条件两方面着手,分析其主要影响因素。结果表明:受主导因素地形的影响,农村居民点的分布密度较大,斑块规模较小,土地利用集约化程度低;居民点的空间分布、用地规模差异显著,规模较大的斑块集中分布在河流阶地、低山区,呈“拱形分层”结构。依据因地制宜原则,宁强县农村居民点的整合优化可分为积极发展型、内部挖潜型、异地搬迁型,为该区小城镇建设与发展提供参考。     

两个西南马种GHR基因第10外显子SSCP分析

通过PCR-SSCP检测10匹宁强矮马和12匹贵州马GHR基因第10外显子的多态性分析,结果表明,宁强矮马和贵州马GHR基因外显子10的第2和第4区域的保守性较高,基因多样性相对较低,第1和第3区的遗传变异较大,基因多样性水平较高。分析比较发现宁强矮马GHR基因外显子10的多态性比贵州马稍高,首次表明宁强矮马在GHR10上存在较大的遗传多态性。     

利用微卫星标记对宁强矮马和蒙古马遗传多样性的研究

通过8个微卫星位点的多态性检测对宁强矮马和蒙古马共83个个体进行了遗传多样性分析。计算各微卫星位点的等位基因频率、有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态信息含量(PIC)、杂合度(H)和F统计量。结果表明:8个微卫星座位中HMS2变异最大,HTG6变异最小;蒙古马的Ne、PIC、H的平均值均高于宁强马;总群体的平均遗传分化系数Fst为0.017(P<0.01),群体内近交系数Fis为0.171(P<0.01)。说明蒙古马和宁强矮马虽外形和性能上有很大差异,但在品种形成和进化上有着较近的遗传关系。     

宁强矮马考察报告

宁强矮马,产于陕西宁强县嘉陵江的西北部,秦岭南坡区的深山峡谷之中。它占当地马匹总数不到10％,体高106cm以下,属乘(驮)用型马种。     

Conservative Management of a Distal Epiphyseal Metacarpal Fracture in a Skyros Pony

Epiphyseal fracture, also known as epiphysiolysis, is the loosening or separation, either partial or complete, of an epiphysis from the shaft of a long bone. Distal epiphyseal fractures in foals pose a substantial challenge due to their guarded prognosis. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis, successful conservative treatment of an 1-month-old, male Skyros pony with an epiphyseal fracture of the right third metacarpal bone (type II Salter-Harris). The owner declined surgical treatment because of financial considerations along with the unfavorable prognosis. Conservative fracture treatment was pursued through external reduction and coaptation. The total duration of the conservative treatment was eighteen weeks and the foal returned to complete health.     

Effects of a low dose infusion of racemic and S-ketamine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in standing ponies

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of plasma concentrations obtained by a low dose constant rate infusion (CRI) of racemic ketamine or S-ketamine on the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) in standing ponies.Study designProspective, blinded, cross-over study.AnimalsSix healthy 5-year-old Shetland ponies.MethodsPonies received either 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ racemic ketamine (group RS) or 0.3 mg kg⁻¹ S-ketamine (group S) intravenously (IV), followed by a CRI of 20 μg kg⁻¹minute⁻¹ racemic ketamine (group RS) or 10 μg kg⁻¹minute⁻¹ S-ketamine (group S) for 59 minutes. The NWR was evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve before drug administration, 15 and 45 minutes after the start of the bolus injection and 15 minutes after the end of the CRI. Electromyographic responses were recorded and analysed. Arterial blood was collected before stimulation and plasma concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were measured enantioselectively using capillary electrophoresis. Ponies were video recorded and monitored to assess drug effects on behaviour, heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and respiratory rate.ResultsThe NWR was significantly depressed in group RS at plasma concentrations between 20 and 25 ng mL⁻¹ of each enantiomer. In group S, no significant NWR depression could be observed; plasma concentrations of S-ketamine (9–15 ng mL⁻¹) were lower, compared to S-ketamine concentrations in group RS, although this difference was not statistically significant. Minor changes in behaviour, HR and MAP only occurred within the first 5–10 minutes after bolus drug administration in both groups.ConclusionAntinociceptive activity in standing ponies, demonstrated as a depression of the NWR, could only be detected after treatment with racemic ketamine. S-ketamine may have lacked this effect as a result of lower plasma concentrations, a more rapid metabolism or a lower potency of S-ketamine in Equidae so further investigation is necessary.     

Effects of a 10-year conservation programme on the genetic diversity of the Pottoka pony--new clues regarding their origin

Here, we present the results of a genetic analysis of 463 Pottoka ponies corresponding to four generations, using 17 microsatellite markers. Ten years after the beginning of the Pottoka conservation programme, the values for the genetic diversity of the breed are still high and stable, indicating the success of the programme. We found null alleles in Pottoka for the ASB23, HMS3 and HTG10 microsatellites. Together with information obtained from other pony breeds from the Iberian Peninsula, this finding indicates that these microsatellites should not be used for phylogenetic analyses or parentage tests, at least for these breeds. The high heterozygosity exhibited by this breed in comparison to other ponies, together with its genetic proximity to the centroid of the allele frequencies, suggest that Pottoka allele frequencies are close to those initially exhibited by the ancestors of current European ponies. The results obtained in the current work, together with results from previous studies of ponies and horses from the Iberian Peninsula, corroborate the idea of a unique origin of all ponies from the European Atlantic Area. In contrast, our results do not corroborate the idea that these are derived from a domestication event in the Iberian Peninsula, nor that they have incorporated ancient Iberian horse genes into their genetic pool to a larger extent than other horse breeds.     

宁强矮马线粒体DNA D-loop区的遗传多样性

【目的】研究宁强矮马线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）D-loop区的遗传多样性及其母系起源进化,为其遗传资源保护提供理论数据。【方法】采用PCR和测序技术分析12匹宁强矮马mtDNA D-loop区的600 bp核酸序列,并基于mtDNA D-loop区序列将宁强矮马和NCBI公布的其它马种进行系统树构建。【结果】宁强矮马群体存在9种单倍型,检测到34处SNP位点,占所分析位点总数的5.67%,各单倍型间的遗传距离为0.002—0.035,单倍型多样性为0.978±0.054,核苷酸多性为0.01988±0.00818。聚类分析表明宁强矮马分布在4个支系中,与胡克尔马、设特兰马、德保马、蒙古马和车巨马亲缘关系较近,与纯血马、云南马和韩国济州岛本土马的亲缘关系较远。【结论】宁强矮马具有比较丰富的遗传多样性,在进化的历史过程中受到其它马种的影响较大。